Respiratory synctial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus throughout the world that can cause flare-ups (exacerbations) of COPD. In an out-patient study performed in London and the Netherlands, 8.7% of flare-ups were due to RSV infectioin. Vaccines to prevent flare-ups are available and have been shown to be safe and effective.

On September 27, 2024, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first biologic medicine - dupilumab (brand name: Dupixent) - for the maintenance treatment of patients with COPD. The indication is for those with uncontrolled COPD and elevated eosinophils in the blood. Studies show a 30 to 34% reduction in COPD flare-ups over one year and an improvement in breathing tests. Dupilumab is injected under the skin every two weeks.

On June 26, 2024, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration approved a novel inhaled medication called ensifentrine (Ohtuvayre is the brand name) for the maintenance treatment of patients with COPD. This unique medication has both bronchodilator (opens airways) and anti-inflammatory properties and is delivered in a nebulizer twice a day.