Respiratory synctial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus throughout the world that can cause flare-ups (exacerbations) of COPD. In an out-patient study performed in London and the Netherlands, 8.7% of flare-ups were due to RSV infectioin. Vaccines to prevent flare-ups are available and have been shown to be safe and effective.

On September 27, 2024, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first biologic medicine - dupilumab (brand name: Dupixent) - for the maintenance treatment of patients with COPD. The indication is for those with uncontrolled COPD and elevated eosinophils in the blood. Studies show a 30 to 34% reduction in COPD flare-ups over one year and an improvement in breathing tests. Dupilumab is injected under the skin every two weeks.

Indoor particulate matter (air pollution) is associated with worse COPD outcomes. In a research study, former smokers with moderate to severe COPD received either active or sham (pretend) high-efficiency particulate air cleaners for 6 months. Those who had an air filter experienced a greater reduction in respiratory symptoms, lower albuterol rescue use, and a lower rate of moderate but not severe flare-ups (exacerbations) compared with the sham group. Possible concerns of using an air cleaner include a higher electricity cost and possible noise when used in the bedroom if you are a "light" sleeper.